Category: WIKI
Landmarking of Cephalograms
Landmarking of Cephalograms Orthodontists have defined a certain number of characteristic points, or landmarks, on the x-ray images of the human skull which are used to study growth or as an diagnostic aid. This work presents the first step towards the automatic extraction of these points. They are defined with respect to particular lines, [...]
Undesirable sequelae of orthodontic force
Undesirable sequelae of orthodontic force Pulpal damage A mild pulpitis following initial force application is common, but has no effect long term. Where the apical blood vessels are severed by the use of heavy continuous force or by injudicious root movement through the alveolar plate, pulp death is likely, although this is usually associated with [...]
Types of tooth movement, force magnitude and duration
Types of tooth movement, force magnitude and duration Although it was previously thought that tipping of a single-rooted tooth (Fig. 1) occurred about a point almost midway along the root, rotation now appears to take place near the apical third within an elliptically shaped area. Half of the periodontal ligament is stressed, with maximum pressure [...] Orthodontic tooth movement
Orthodontic tooth movement The biological response to a sustained force is determined mainly by the force magnitude and duration, which generate zones of pressure and tension within the periodontal ligament, their extent and location depending on the intended movement. Pressure zones The cellular response relates to whether a light or heavy force is applied. With [...] Effects of functional appliances
Effects of functional appliances For class II with deep overbite Dental effects • Retroclination of the upper incisors and proclination of the lower incisors are usual, although the latter is not found consistently and is best minimised by placing acrylic capping on the lower anterior teeth. • Inhibition of lower incisor eruption and promotion of [...]
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